Which statement best describes the two parts of the autonomic system?

• A. They are sympathetic and parasympathetic
• B. They are sensory and motor
• C. They are somatic and autonomic
• D. They are central and peripheral

Answer: (A)

The autonomic nervous system has two opposing branches that regulate involuntary body functions to keep things balanced. The correct description is that these two parts are the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions. The sympathetic branch prepares the body for action (fight-or-flight), increasing heart rate and mobilizing energy, while the parasympathetic branch promotes rest and digestion, slowing the heart rate and stimulating digestive activities. They often work in opposition on the same organs to fine-tune responses and maintain homeostasis. Other options describe broad categories of the nervous system rather than the two internal branches of the autonomic system.